Fredericksburg, battle of

Fredericksburg, battle of Fredericksburg, battle of, in the Civil War, fought Dec. 13, 1862, at Fredericksburg, Va. In Nov., 1862, the Union general Ambrose Burnside moved his three grand divisions under W. B. Franklin, E. V. Sumner, and Joseph Hooker to the north side of the Rappahannock River opposite Fredericksburg; his objective was Richmond. Delay in bringing up pontoons prevented Burnside from seizing the heights on the south bank immediately. Robert E. Lee, having anticipated the move, soon confronted him from those heights with James Longstreet's 1st Corps, which soon was joined by Stonewall Jackson's 2d. The Federals crossed on Dec. 11â€"12 and attacked Lee on Dec. 13. After Jackson had repulsed Franklin's attack on the Confederate right, Burnside ordered Sumner to storm Longstreet's impregnable position on Marye's Heights. Successive charges brought death to droves of courageous Union troops. Burnside's subordinates protested against renewing the foolhardy assaults, and on Dec. 15 the Federals made an undisturbed withdrawal to the north bank. Union losses, more than twice the Confederate, were over 12,000. The defeat caused profound depression throughout the North. See E. J. Stackpole, Drama on the Rappahannock (1957); V. E. Whan, Jr., Fiasco at Fredericksburg (1961); J. Luvaas and H. W. Nelson, The U.S. Army Guide to the Battles of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg (1989). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Be Intentional With Your Free Time Its What Constitutes Your Success

Three months have elapsed since I abandoned everything I was familiar with, moved to Chicago, and embarked on my college career. If I’ve come to a conclusion about anything, it’s that the amount of free time I have in college is the most I’ve had in my life. Don’t get me wrong – I’m taking the maximum amount of credits for a full-time student, I have a part-time job, and I am involved with student organizations. Every college student still spends more time outside the classroom than inside, and if one can use that â€Å"free† time to her advantage, an immense amount of progress can be made. Most college students don’t invest in their own craft. Most college students sleep in when they could be starting their day earlier, and thus accomplishing more. Most college students don’t view their time as an asset, an opportunity to grow and learn outside of class. Going to class, going to work, and doing what is exp ected is the baseline. It’s the starting point. If you want to be the best in your field, you need to work harder than everyone in your field. This includes working in your free time. The people who occupy themselves with personal projects, attend seminars when it’s not required, go out and make mistakes, and take advantage of the time they have in their day are the ones who come out on top. Don’t get caught up in what distracts most students: cell phones, technology, and social media. What are you really getting from investing so much time in Instagram, Twitter, and Netflix series? Are you reaping benefits from going out every weekend and getting wasted? Think of how many hours you have not taken advantage of because you viewed free time as leisure time. The reason that I’ve seen real advancement in my writing is that I wrote when I wasn’t required to. I spent my Friday nights reading books that expanded my lexicon and exposed me to differ ent styles. I attended talks by successful journalists. I viewed my â€Å"free time† as learning time, not just hours to waste. Many activities can contribute to personal growth, including exercising, journaling, and meditating. Why not choose activities that will add meaning to your life and pursue them, even if your peers are not? It’s just a matter of shifting how you view free time. You don’t always have to be doing stuff for yourself, either. Advocating for a cause, helping someone in need, or pitching in on community service projects are all fulfilling pastimes. Even something as simple as talking with another person can provide deep benefits. Conversations foster connections, expand ideas and ways of thinking, and teach us to be better listeners. Think of how much you could grow in a day, a week, or even a month if you are intentional with your free time. I’ve met lots of well-meaning classmates and even adults who dream big but donâ₠¬â„¢t put in the work required to attain their goals. Becoming one of the best in your field requires that you work harder than everyone else. Free time can be your greatest asset – or biggest liability. I hope you are deliberate with your choice.

The New Woman in Cecil B. DeMilles The Cheat Essay

Cecil B. DeMille is regarded by many to be the founder of Hollywood, given that his 1914 film, The Squaw Man, was the first important full-length motion picture made in Hollywood. As Joel W. Finler considers, the film accelerated the trend toward establishing California as the new home of movie-making . However, it is in his depiction of the `new woman that the director is both celebrated and derided. In many of his films, DeMille illustrates the rise of consumer culture that had begun in the latter half of the nineteenth century. During its escalation, goods took on a symbolic life while middle-class women attained the characteristics of commodities as they moved into the public sphere. Their movement can be put down to their refusal†¦show more content†¦In The Cheat, DeMille uses the notion of the `new women to critique society in the era. While the film does not deny Edith the freedom that had come to be associated with the idea, it elucidates [o]ne of the dangers of the modern urban culture [namely] the disappearance of traditional methods of knowing social status and presumed moralities associated with that status, a hazard which meant [womens] decreased privatisation at the cost of their increased commodification . Indeed, the early part of the film portrays an accurate depiction of society at the time, without overt prejudice or obsession with issues (which are dealt with in the narrative later). The society on show in DeMilles classic is one at the hands of an invasion by consumerism where, [w]hether social activist or flapper, the `new woman expected to function in both public and private spheres despite controversy regarding the nature of her role . This movement came to be characterised by, how expensive and fashionable...the garments [are] that the wife wears . As Thorstein Veblen argues, goods, especially clothing, were acting as aShow MoreRelatedThe Disenchanted Research Paper3448 Words   |  14 PagesResearch paper: The Disenchanted F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life and work were in a knot from the start; his profession spanned one of the most tumultuous eras of the century, and from the very start he was the creator and the victim of the new culture of celebrity which accompanied the rise of modern technology. Budd Schulberg masterfully created a character that closely and in many ways represents Fitzgerald in his later years; Manley Halliday is that character. â€Å"His mind’s eye, incurably bifocal

What Is Convection (Weather)

Convection is a term youll hear quite often in meteorology.  In weather, it describes the vertical transport of heat and moisture in the atmosphere, usually from a warmer area (the surface) to a cooler one (aloft). While the word convection is sometimes used interchangeably with thunderstorms, remember that thunderstorms are only one type of convection! From Your Kitchen to the Air Before we delve into atmospheric convection, lets look at an example you may be more familiar with—a boiling pot of water. When water boils, hot water in the bottom of the pot rises to the surface, leading to bubbles of heated water and sometimes steam on the surface. Its the same with convection in the air except air (a fluid) replaces the water.   Steps to the Process of Convection The process of convection begins at sunrise and continues as follows: The suns radiation strikes the ground, heating it.  As the grounds temperature warms, it heats the layer of air directly above it through conduction (the transfer of heat from one substance to another).Because barren surfaces like sand, rocks, and pavement become warmer faster than ground covered by water or vegetation, air at and near the surface heats unevenly. As a result, some pockets warm faster than others.The faster warming pockets become less dense than the cooler air that surrounds them and they begin to rise. These rising columns or currents of air are called thermals. As the air rises, heat and moisture are transported upward (vertically) into the atmosphere. The stronger the surface heating, the stronger and higher up into the atmosphere the convection extends. (This is why convection is especially active on hot summer afternoons.) After this main process of convection is complete, there are a number of scenarios that could happen, each which forms a different weather type. The term convective is often added to their name since convection jumps starts their development. Convective Clouds As convection continues, the air cools as it reaches lower air pressures and may reach the point where the water vapor within it condenses and forms (you guessed it) a cumulus cloud at its top! If the air contains a lot of moisture and is quite hot, it will continue to grow vertically and will become a towering cumulus or a cumulonimbus. Cumulus, towering cumulus, Cumulonimbus, and Altocumulus Castellanus clouds are all visible forms of convection. They are also all examples of moist convection (convection where the excess water vapor in the rising air condenses to form a cloud). Convection that occurs without cloud formation is called dry convection. (Examples of dry convection include convection that occurs on sunny days when air is dry, or convection that occurs early on in the day before the heating is strong enough to form clouds.) Convective Precipitation If convective clouds have enough cloud droplets theyll produce convective precipitation. In contrast to non-convective precipitation (which results when air is lifted by force), convective precipitation requires instability, or the ability for air to continue rising on its own. It is associated with lightning, thunder, and bursts of heavy rain. (Non-convective precipitation events have less intense rain rates but last longer and produce a steadier rainfall.) Convective Winds All of the rising air through convection must be balanced by an equal amount of sinking air elsewhere. As the heated air rises, air from elsewhere flows in to replace it. We feel this balancing movement of air as wind. Examples of convective winds include foehns and sea breezes. Convection Keeps Us Surface Dwellers Cool Besides creating the above-mentioned weather events, convection serves another purpose -- it removes excess heat from the earths surface. Without it, it has been calculated that the average surface air temperature on earth would be somewhere around 125 ° F rather than the current liveable 59 ° F. When Does Convection Stop? Only when the pocket of warm, rising air has cooled to the same temperature of the surrounding air will it stop rising.

Short-term Effects of Alcohol - 860 Words

Short-term Effects of Alcohol While expectations can help shape ones reaction to drinking it is clear that alcohol has its own direct effects. It is a powerful drug, capable of affecting body and behavior. The determining factor is how much ethanol is in the blood stream, because it is via the blood that alcohol is carried to the brain, nervous system, and bodily organs and systems where its direct actions take place. Alcoholic beverages differ in the concentration of ethanol they contain: beers average 4.5%, wines about 12%, and straight distilled spirits (hard liquor) approximately 40%. The effects mainly reflect the action of the alcohol as a general depressant of the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal†¦show more content†¦The liver may develop Fatty Liver Disease. This disease is 100% reversible with abstinence from alcohol. If this disease continues it will eventually develop into Alcoholic Hepatitis and then Cirrhosis. Alcohol causes disturbances in the heart rate. I f you already have heart problems, this could kill you. Alcohol is the major cause of acute inflammation of the pancreas that results in increasing death of the pancreas and increasing dysfunction and poor health. Urinary function increases due to changes in the hormone aldosterone, which regulates water in the body. Alcohol causes an increase in the fluid accumulation in the lungs and can lead to chronic lung infections (â€Å"Effects of Alcohol on Your Body†). Alcohol requires no digestion. Once in the body, it enters the bloodstream immediate through the stomach lining. Food in the stomach slows this process down, but does not impede intoxication. Metabolism of alcohol occurs in the liver. It requires a specific enzyme known as â€Å"alcohol dehydrogenate†, as well as the B-complex vitamins, niacin and thiamin. The liver can process about  ½ ounce of alcohol every hour or hour-and-a-half. Unprocessed alcohol circulates through the bloodstream until the liv er can process it. Alcohol passes through the three main areas of the brain via the bloodstream. These are the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The forebrain controls judgement and reasoning, the midbrain controls muscular control, andShow MoreRelatedThe Alteration of Human Abilities by Alcohol882 Words   |  4 Pagesproven alcohol can play an immense role in altering human abilities. Consumption of alcohol can result in deficiency in motor skills such as walking. Not to mention slurred speech, slowed reaction times, blurred vision, and impaired memory. Some of these symptoms quickly diminish when drinking stops. Alternatively, a person who drinks heavily over a long period of time may have brain insufficiencies that carry on well after he or she reaches sobriety. Heavy drinking may have extensive effects on theRead MoreAlcohol and Its Effects on the Body Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol and Its Effects on the Body As tempting as it might be to consume alcohol in college, I have found through recent experiences that the idea might not be as glamorous and fun as it seems. I have experienced the trouble that drinking can cause and the negative impacts that alcohol does to your body. Unfortunately, I have experienced many of the troubles that alcohol can acquire for someone. There are so many impacts that alcohol has on your body-acute effectsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Body1644 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol abuse can also cause short-term effects to the body. Although there are many different short-term effects, the most common happens to be a hangover which is a â€Å"group of symptoms experienced by a person after a heavy consumption of alcohol† (Alcoholic 1). Symptoms of a hangover often consist of nausea, fatigue, thirst, headache, diarrhea, and sensitivity to light and noise. The severity of a hangover depends on several factors; these factors include the amount of alcohol consumed, the levelRead MoreThe Effects Of Drinking On College Students1225 Words   |  5 Pagesmake decisions without thinking and not understanding the risks that come with them. Alcohol has been a major influence on college students and many of these students are unaware of the damage that is being caused by abusing it. What students in this age group do not understand is that their brain i s still developing slowly and this process does not finish until they reach adulthood. Drinking can have harmful effects on the development of the brain, which has a major impact on the student as they ageRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drug Abuse1228 Words   |  5 Pageswhether it’s in recreational, narcotics or alcohol. According to National Institute on Drug Abuse, Substance abuse is accountable for and involvement in nearly 60,000 deaths annually in the United States (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2017). Drug education can lead to the success of the prevention of drug use or drug abuse depending on the effectiveness. The productiveness of drug education is to spread awareness of substances that can cause and effects the individuals under the influence of drugsRead MoreSubstance Abuse. What Is Substance Abuse . Substance Abuse1300 Words   |  6 Pages What is substance abuse Substance abuse is the use of drugs, alcohol, or chemicals. The substance abuse results in physical, psychological, emotional harm to the user or others. People abuse substances such as drugs and alcohol for varied and complicated reasons, but it is clear that it comes at a significant cost. 0Substance abuse can be recognized through it s signs and behavior changes, as well as short and long term effects. There are various ways however to treat substance abuse. SignsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Poisoning On Australia1635 Words   |  7 Pagesoutlining the effects of alcohol poisoning. Describing what it is, why the report is required and a specific high risk group – young Australians ages 18-24. The benefit of this report will outline the main dangers of alcohol poisoning and why it’s a big problem in Australia. Alcohol poisoning in Western Australia alcohol caused 2.85% of total health problems for Australia, Costing the medical industry in Western Australia $379,689,476.83. This includes all the problems associated with alcohol and alcoholRead MoreLong Term Effects of Alchool818 Words   |  4 PagesKeith McGrenaghan 12th Grade Alcohol essay The Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Use Alcohol is primarily absorbed through the stomach and the small intestines. It is considered a food because it has calories, but does not need to be digested and proceeds directly into the body through the digestive system. After ingestion it is carried through the blood stream and crosses the bloodÂâ€"brain barrier, at which time impairment begins. A greater amount of ingestion causes greater impairment to theRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On Children960 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a lot of support and treatment for binge drinking. Organisations such as Alcohol know your Limits and like a drink. These organisations provide support and advice to people who are suffering with binge drinking. They provide useful information about alcohol and what each genders drinking guidelines is. In addition they also provide information on the long and short term effects of binge drinking on an individual both physical and mental. Furthermore they have hotlines that people can callRead Mor eThe Effects Of Alcohol Consumption On Adult Populations Across The World1476 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol consumption is well entrenched in the social fabric of many adult populations across the world, virtually constituting a behavioral norm. It is cheap, legal and readily available. Regular and extensive alcohol consumption is a brain-centered addictive behavioral disorder that crosses all boundaries of gender, race, age, social class and, in many patients, might lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD).1-3 Not only does heavy drinking significantly increases morbidity and mortality from infectious

Comparing A Separate Peace and The Catcher in the Rye...

Comparing A Separate Peace and The Catcher in the Rye The coming of age novels, The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, and A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, both interpret the lives of adolescent boys journeying through their conflicts and inner confusion to reach the level of maturity. Salinger and Knowles both discern the literal ways a typical teenager grows up with the help of literary elements such as plot, setting, character development, conflicts, irony, symobolism, theme, and point of view. In both of the novels, the setting is taken place in an all boys’ school. The all boys’ school in A Separate Peace was named Devon High School, located in New Hampshire and the school in The Catcher in the Rye†¦show more content†¦Also, the switching of private schools and the way his parents are always neglecting him is another reason of his depression. An example of how they describe Holden’s depression is found early in the novel. In chapter 1, Old Spencer says â€Å"Life is a game bo y. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules.† Then Holden replies with, â€Å"Yes sir. I know it is. I know it†¦Game my a**. Some game. If you get on the side where all the hot-shots are, then it’s a game, all right- I’ll admit that. But if you get on the other side, where there aren’t any hot-shots, then what’s a game about it? Nothing. No Game† (Salinger 8). This quote shows that Holden is a victim of depression and in his thoughts he compares himself as not being with the â€Å"hot-shots†, which means that he is alienated in society. However, in A Separate Peace, Gene doesn’t have this conflict because he belongs to a club. This club that he is in is called the Super Suicide Society in the Summer Session where his major conflict started. When Gene causes Finny to have and accident, it haunts him throughout the story. As it haunts him, it develops their friendship into a relationship with jealousy. While this continues, Finny encounters another accident from the confession of the first accident and breaks his leg again. As a result, Finny dies through a surgery from his injury and Gene puts himself in a situation of guilt because if he didn’t break Finny’s leg

The Advantage of Wealth Free Essays

Since time immemorial, it has been a common notion that wealth defines a person’s status in the society. It is usually associated with the amount of material things that a person owns that wealth is determined. This essay would try to evaluate the advantage of wealth in the light of the novels ’ Hedda Gabler’ by Henrik Ibsen and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantage of Wealth or any similar topic only for you Order Now A discussion of the basic concept of wealth in each novel will first be identified. A deliberation on the advantage of wealth in each novel will be highlighted. Lastly, the essay will compare the ideas in the two novels to establish the significance of wealth. The Great Gatsby, narrated through the eyes of Nick Carraway, denotes his enthusiasm to the life of his neighbor Jay Gatsby. The novel is a love story on the surface with the concept of betrayal and true love emanating from each chapter. Nevertheless, the novel connotes on the absurdity of life, wealth and social status during the 19th century. As can be reiterated, the novel tries to undermine the fact that ‘money is tantamount to power and authority in the society’.   Basically, the novel is about the pursuit of Daisy’s love by Jay Gatsby and the means that Gatsby had used to attain his goals. It is noted that Jay and Daisy had been in love prior to her marriage to Tom. Jay had to leave because of war but they promised each other that they will someday marry and live together. Nonetheless, when Jay came back, he discovered that Daisy had married a rich and wealthy man, Tom Buchanan. Gatsby’s dream is to be with Daisy forever and to win back Daisy’s love. Since Daisy is a woman of aristocratic heritage, it is a prerequisite for him to be rich and famous to be able to succeed her love. Thus, Jay Gatsby has been blinded by money. His dream has been based on the acquisition of money, fortune and fame due to the belief that material wealth can bring back everything.   To further emphasize this viewpoint, it can be helpful to understand some quotes from the novel itself. In a statement when Gatsby imagined that Daisy will divorce Tom, he uttered ‘I’m going to fix everything just the way it was before (Fitzgerald, p. 111)’. This statement holds his faith to his wealth; it shows that despite everything, he believed that money can still fix everything. When Nick advises him that ‘you can’t repeat the past’, Gatsby replied ‘Why, of course, you can (Fitzgerald p. 111)’.   The conversation further reveals Gatsby’s confidence in the power of wealth and determination towards what he wants. One of the most exquisite remarks that Jay Gatsby had uttered is that ‘Her voice is full of money (Fitzgerald p. 144)’, in reference to Daisy. Gatsby is aware of the fact that his love for Daisy is based on attraction towards wealth. In this regard, Gatsby believed that money can substitute love since Tom had substitute Jay’s place in Daisy’s heart. Like money, love is something that needs to be acquired which determines the purpose of being for Jay. Everything that Jay spends is a way towards fulfilling his dream. Daisy on the other hand displays the significance of wealth when she married Tom Buchanan despite the fact that she is not in love with him. The novel hinted the interest that Daisy still have for Jay after all the years when she inquired ‘What Gatsby?’ and when she drunk her self before her bridal dinner crying and holding a letter (possibly from Gatsby) in another hand saying ‘Tell ‘em all Daisy’s change her mind (Fitzgerald, p. 51)’. Wealth is seen as a way to relieve the pain of being left alone. By marrying a wealthy man, Daisy can more easily mend her broken heart. She had been able to ‘moved with a fast crowd (Fitzgerald, p.52)’ and able to maintain her reputation. Money is portrayed as a way out of loneliness. Wealth is displayed as a road towards happiness and fulfillment. Hedda Gabler is actually a play written by Ibsen showing how much societal pressure and norms confine a person into a specific stereotype. The story revolves around Hedda, who is newly married to George Tesman, an aspiring professor. Hedda is described as the daughter of an aristocratic General Gabler. It is apparent from the course of the dialogue between Hedda and the other characters that she does not love her husband. It also seems as if she only married him because he can at least provide her with her needs although it may not be enough. Hedda, all throughout the story manipulated other characters into doing her will. George, Aunt Julie and the other characters wants to please her and they do their best to reach her upper-class taste. Hedda has everything she need. Nonetheless, since she has to marry to maintain her social status, she chose to marry George Tesman. Tesman is a very bookish person. He even researched from libraries despite being on honeymoon. He relay his amazement of the museums and libraries to Aunt Julie, stating ‘Notes, documents- people didn’t know existed (Ibsen, p.13)’. Tesman is willing to do everything for Hedda yet she cannot be satisfied. The advantage of wealth lies on the respect and the treatment that Hedda receives from other people despite her unusually rude and manipulative character. Despite the fact that Aunt Julie was hurt when Hedda mistaken her new hat to be old and to belong to the maid, she still treat Hedda nicely. Aunt Julie stated ‘she’s lovely all her life (Ibsen, p.19)’. Thea also remark about Hedda’s difference with her status in the line ‘we’ve not been close†¦ you were always, in a different world from me, socially (Ibsen, p. 26)’. This shows that even though both are women of the same era, Thea still recognizes the fact that Hedda is different ‘socially’. Being a daughter of a respected and powerful general gives her enough freedom and authority, bestowed by the society, to be regarded more powerful than the other women. How to cite The Advantage of Wealth, Papers